这周在家 996 终于抽出时间了,然而今晚就要截稿了……

0x00.前言

到现在Serverless举行了4次线上直播,每次都参加并提交了作业,一路下来感觉还不错(并收割了3个公仔等待发货)(`・ω・´)
然后看到Serverless 粉丝,腾讯云喊你领取“专属”T恤!,觉得还是有必要写一下感想之类的,其实也确实想把自己的实验室站迁移到Serverless试试看

0x01.TencentCloud Serverless

不得不感叹互联网时代科技的进步,之前实验室站 Python 3.7.2 + Flask 1.0.2 + mod_wsgi 4.6.5 + Apache 2.4.38 + HTTP/2 + TLSv1.3 + brotli这篇文章里写过传统方法发布网站的环境部署,虽然现在熟悉了操作并不觉得很麻烦,但是对于从来没接触过这块的人来说就比较难懂了o(゚Д゚)っ!
而现在有了Serverless,就可以完全无视上面的操作步骤了,这里引用官网的两段话:

Serverless Framework可以帮您以更少的成本和开销, 快速构建Serverless应用。它能够完美支持无服务器应用的开发,部署,测试,监控等环节。

关于ServerlessServerless面向未来的运维方式
网络应用正在慢慢改变世界,但是大多数互联网企业仍然无法顺畅交付工程,更不用说敏捷开发和快速迭代了。所以我们必须从根本上简化应用工程的交付和操作。

这就是无服务器架构所提供的serverless建立在下一代公共云服务之上,该服务仅在使用时自动扩容和收费。当规模、所用容量和成本管理实现自动化时,可节省99%的成本管理。

无服务器架构是全新的,因此我们需要改变先前对老架构和工作流的看法。serverless的目标是以一种简单,强大而优雅的使用体验为开发者,团队提供开发和运行serverless应用程序所需的所有工具。

是不是很方便2333,本人现在倒是觉得对于个人开发者来说,如果想构建轻量应用的话,用Serverless应该会节省非常多的时间
当然了,Serverless对比传统型应用还是有区别的,目前它并不能完美支持,举一个例子:Flask CLI就不支持(不过这倒是小事情了
对于企业开发者来说也是同理的,想快速上线一套网站的话,部署在一个服务器上倒是好说(就好比本人现在的实验室站,日pv两位数。。。),可是当访问量上升之后,需要扩容的时候就比较麻烦了,这时候你得在多个服务器上部署并且配置负载均衡等等
说了这么多,对本人来说,可能觉得最大的优点在于运维部署方面吧……

0x02.安装

Serverless Framework是基于Node.js的开源CLI,注:需Node 8+
全局安装:

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npm install serverless -g

这里没有使用cnpm的原因是因为网络还算ok没有特别耗时,另外忘记了之前在哪里看到过cnpm不会更新package-lock.json也就没有再去用第三方源
之后更新的话就:

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npm update serverless -g

官网的快速开始教程之后快速部署了个demo,即:

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serverless create -t tencent-nodejs

命令里的tencent-nodejs是众多组件中的一个,组件列表:https://github.com/serverless/components

0x03.部署 Python Flask 框架

因为本人对Flask还算熟悉,所以干脆把部署这个Component当成Hello World好了
其中官网简介里写道:

注 :任何支持WSGI(Web Server Gateway Interface)Python服务端框架都可以通过该组件进行部署,例如 Falcon框架等。

1.创建新项目

1.基于模板

通过sls直接根据模板创建服务,gh上有很多模板
比如https://github.com/serverless/components/tree/master/templates/tencent-flask

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serverless create --template-url https://github.com/serverless/components/tree/master/templates/tencent-flask
点击此处 ← 查看源码
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# -*- coding: utf8 -*-

import json
from flask import Flask, jsonify, request
app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route("/")
def index():
return "Hello Flash"

@app.route('/user', methods = ['POST'])
def addUser():
# we must get request body from clound function event;
event = request.environ['event']
user = json.loads(event['body'])
return jsonify(data=user)


@app.route("/user", methods = ['GET'])
def listUser():
users = [{'name': 'test1'}, {'name': 'test2'}]
return jsonify(data=users)


@app.route("/user/<id>", methods = ['GET'])
def getUser(id):
return jsonify(data={'name': 'test1'})

2.不基于模板

Pycharm创建一个新的Flask项目:LAB_Serverless以区别之前的LAB

New Project
New Project
app.py
app.py

真的是无比熟悉的经典代码2333

点击此处 ← 查看源码
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from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
return 'Hello World!'


if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()

requirements.txt?别急,先往下看

2.配置Serverless

  1. 创建serverless.yml,这里更改了几处配置
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    MyComponent:
    component: '@serverless/tencent-flask'
    inputs:
    region: ap-beijing
    functionName: LAB_Serverless
    code: ./
    functionConf:
    timeout: 10
    memorySize: 128
    environment:
    variables:
    TEST: value
    Version: 2020-2-23_21:01:44
    vpcConfig:
    subnetId: ''
    vpcId: ''
    apigatewayConf:
    protocol: https
    environment: test
  2. 创建.env,写入密匙(因为懒得每次部署都得拿起手机扫一扫授权(^_−)☆
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    TENCENT_SECRET_ID=<rm>
    TENCENT_SECRET_KEY=<rm>

3.部署

serverless的缩写是sls,因此也可以用sls简化命令
但是这里报错了……报错的原因是requirements文件夹不存在(╯°Д°)╯

点击此处 ← 查看终端
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Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.17763.1039]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

D:\yuangezhizao\Documents\PycharmProjects\LAB_Serverless>sls --debug

DEBUG ─ Resolving the template's static variables.
DEBUG ─ Collecting components from the template.
DEBUG ─ Downloading any NPM components found in the template.
DEBUG ─ Analyzing the template's components dependencies.
DEBUG ─ Creating the template's components graph.
DEBUG ─ Syncing template state.
DEBUG ─ Executing the template's components graph.
DEBUG ─ Compressing function LAB_Serverless file to D:\yuangezhizao\Documents\PycharmProjects\LAB_Serverless\.serverless/LAB_Serverless.zip.
(node:22500) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory, stat 'D:\yuangezhizao\Documents\PycharmProjects\LAB_Serverless\.
serverless\requirements'eploying
at Object.statSync (fs.js:946:3)
at Object.statSync (C:\Users\yuangezhizao\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\serverless\node_modules\_graceful-fs@4.2.3@graceful-fs\polyfills.js:308:16
)
at WriteStream.<anonymous> (C:\Users\yuangezhizao\.serverless\components\registry\npm\@serverless\tencent-flask@0.2.0\node_modules\@serverless\tencen
t-flask\node_modules\@serverless\tencent-scf\library\utils.js:124:20)
at WriteStream.emit (events.js:304:20)
at C:\Users\yuangezhizao\.serverless\components\registry\npm\@serverless\tencent-flask@0.2.0\node_modules\@serverless\tencent-flask\node_modules\grac
eful-fs\graceful-fs.js:298:14
at C:\Users\yuangezhizao\.serverless\components\registry\npm\@serverless\tencent-flask@0.2.0\node_modules\@serverless\tencent-flask\node_modules\grac
eful-fs\graceful-fs.js:325:16
at C:\Users\yuangezhizao\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\serverless\node_modules\_graceful-fs@4.2.3@graceful-fs\graceful-fs.js:325:16
at FSReqCallback.oncomplete (fs.js:152:23)
(node:22500) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Unhandled promise rejection. This error originated either by throwing inside of an async function without
a catch block, or by rejecting a promise which was not handled with .catch(). (rejection id: 1)
(node:22500) [DEP0018] DeprecationWarning: Unhandled promise rejections are deprecated. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will termi
nate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit code.

194s » MyComponent » canceled

终止批处理操作吗(Y/N)? Y

D:\yuangezhizao\Documents\PycharmProjects\LAB_Serverless>

然后去.serverless文件下的Template.MyComponent.pyRequirements.json文件中看到了requirements.txt
这里其实是故意操作的(特意没添加requirements.txt),说明requirements.txt必须存在(。・ω・。)

requirements
requirements

因此,去创建文件内容为Flaskrequirements.txt

点击此处 ← 查看终端
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D:\yuangezhizao\Documents\PycharmProjects\LAB_Serverless>sls --debug

DEBUG ─ Resolving the template's static variables.
DEBUG ─ Collecting components from the template.
DEBUG ─ Downloading any NPM components found in the template.
DEBUG ─ Analyzing the template's components dependencies.
DEBUG ─ Creating the template's components graph.
DEBUG ─ Syncing template state.
DEBUG ─ Executing the template's components graph.
DEBUG ─ Generated requirements from D:\yuangezhizao\Documents\PycharmProjects\LAB_Serverless\requirements.txt in D:\yuangezhizao\Documents\PycharmProje
cts\LAB_Serverless\.serverless\requirements.txt...
DEBUG ─ Installing requirements from C:\Users\yuangezhizao\AppData\Local\Yugasun\serverless-python-requirements\Cache\2a1a661c4e3e6faadab5d001bc10cc3ac
ccf648921aad7c279d94f138eaaf833_slspyc\requirements.txt ...
DEBUG ─ Using download cache directory C:\Users\yuangezhizao\AppData\Local\Yugasun\serverless-python-requirements\Cache\downloadCacheslspyc
DEBUG ─ Running ...
DEBUG ─ Compressing function LAB_Serverless file to D:\yuangezhizao\Documents\PycharmProjects\LAB_Serverless\.serverless/LAB_Serverless.zip.
DEBUG ─ Compressed function LAB_Serverless file successful
DEBUG ─ Uploading service package to cos[sls-cloudfunction-ap-beijing-code]. sls-cloudfunction-default-LAB_Serverless-1582464464.zip
DEBUG ─ Uploaded package successful D:\yuangezhizao\Documents\PycharmProjects\LAB_Serverless\.serverless/LAB_Serverless.zip
DEBUG ─ Creating function LAB_Serverless
DEBUG ─ Created function LAB_Serverless successful
DEBUG ─ Setting tags for function LAB_Serverless
DEBUG ─ Creating trigger for function LAB_Serverless
DEBUG ─ Deployed function LAB_Serverless successful
DEBUG ─ Starting API-Gateway deployment with name MyComponent.TencentApiGateway in the ap-beijing region
DEBUG ─ Service with ID service-0ok85tqh created.
DEBUG ─ API with id api-ivk6tk0y created.
DEBUG ─ Deploying service with id service-0ok85tqh.
DEBUG ─ Deployment successful for the api named MyComponent.TencentApiGateway in the ap-beijing region.

MyComponent:
region: ap-beijing
functionName: LAB_Serverless
apiGatewayServiceId: service-0ok85tqh
url: http://service-0ok85tqh-1251901037.bj.apigw.tencentcs.com/test/

44s » MyComponent » done


D:\yuangezhizao\Documents\PycharmProjects\LAB_Serverless>

趁机看下部署成功之后的.serverless文件夹:

.serverless
.serverless

Template.MyComponent.TencentCloudFunction.json云函数

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{
"deployed": {
"Name": "LAB_Serverless",
"Runtime": "Python3.6",
"Handler": "api_service.handler",
"MemorySize": 128,
"Timeout": 10,
"Region": "ap-beijing",
"Description": "This is a template function"
}
}

第三方包全在这里:

requirements
requirements

Template.MyComponent.TencentApiGateway.jsonAPI 网关

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{
"protocols": [
"http"
],
"subDomain": "service-0ok85tqh-1251901037.bj.apigw.tencentcs.com",
"environment": "test",
"region": "ap-beijing",
"service": {
"value": "service-0ok85tqh",
"created": true
},
"apis": [
{
"path": "/",
"method": "ANY",
"apiId": {
"value": "api-ivk6tk0y",
"created": true
}
}
]
}

也就是说CLI自动帮我们创建SCF并将运行环境一并上传,再创建API 网关配置到SCF的触发器上
这里比较奇怪的一点是,怎么是http???明明配置的https呀,难道测试环境只有http(╯°Д°)╯︵┻━┻

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apigatewayConf:
protocol: https
environment: test

到这里demo就搞定了,已经可以正常访问了

api_service.py
api_service.py

0x04.原理深入

这里说的深入其实有点儿夸大其词了,本人也就个业余的开发者而已……
去云函数看实际运行环境,发现把.idea文件夹也给上传了2333
另外,多了如下俩本地没有的文件:

api_service.py
api_service.py
serverless.wsgi
serverless.wsgi

其实这就是serverless的核心了,serverless配置静态页面的原理自己是清楚的
比如Hexo那玩楞,就是生成页面之后扔到COS上就能访问了
但是,对于动态页面就比较好奇了,这是怎么实现的呢,其实就是靠着serverless.wsgi这个文件等等
自然能看到这个模块描述:此模块将 AWS API Gateway 代理请求转换为 WSGI 请求。

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"""
This module converts an AWS API Gateway proxied request to a WSGI request.

Inspired by: https://github.com/miserlou/zappa

Author: Logan Raarup <logan@logan.dk>
"""

还是相当有意思的(`・ω・´)

0x05.迁移LAB

接下来就得一点儿一点儿进行迁移了,不难想到应该有非常多的坑的,比如如何访问自己的MySQLRedis
MongoDB,再比如Celery计划任务,自己是用RabbitMQ的消息队列,这东西要怎么上云?这些问题都是自己需要后期去解决的……
毕竟上大学就开始写的网站,有非常非常多的依赖……
更新日志

当前 git 版本:7a65018,总提交 824 次

0x06.后记

迁移注定是一个大工程,写了俩个半小时仿佛也没写出多少精华的东西来,就又得准备睡觉了,明早迎接新一周8.5 8.5 6生活
写到最后倒是觉得可以当成一个系列来写,从下一篇开始写起迁移的各种填坑……

未完待续……