这是目前最后一篇关于 TF 的了,话说终于到这篇了……

0x00.前言

0x01.引用

1.0 TensorFlow相关函数理解

1.1 tf.truncated_normal

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truncated_normal(
shape,
mean=0.0,
stddev=1.0,
dtype=tf.float32,
seed=None,
name=None
)

功能说明:
产生截断正态分布随机数,取值范围为[mean - 2 * stddev, mean + 2 * stddev]
参数列表:

参数名必选类型说明
shape1 维整形张量或array输出张量的维度
mean0 维张量或数值均值
stddev0 维张量或数值标准差
dtypedtype输出类型
seed数值随机种子,若seed赋值,每次产生相同随机数
namestring运算名称

现在您可以在/home/ubuntu目录下创建源文件truncated_normal.py

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#!/usr/bin/python

import tensorflow as tf
initial = tf.truncated_normal(shape=[3,3], mean=0, stddev=1)
print tf.Session().run(initial)

然后执行:
python /home/ubuntu/truncated_normal.py
执行结果:
将得到一个取值范围[-2, 2]3 * 3矩阵

1.2 tf.constant

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constant(
value,
dtype=None,
shape=None,
name='Const',
verify_shape=False
)

功能说明:
根据value的值生成一个shape维度的常量张量
参数列表:

参数名必选类型说明
value常量数值或者list输出张量的值
dtypedtype输出张量元素类型
shape1 维整形张量或array输出张量的维度
namestring张量名称
verify_shapeBoolean检测shape是否和valueshape一致,若为False,不一致时,会用最后一个元素将shape补全

现在您可以在/home/ubuntu目录下创建源文件constant.py,内容可参考:

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#!/usr/bin/python

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
a = tf.constant([1,2,3,4,5,6],shape=[2,3])
b = tf.constant(-1,shape=[3,2])
c = tf.matmul(a,b)

e = tf.constant(np.arange(1,13,dtype=np.int32),shape=[2,2,3])
f = tf.constant(np.arange(13,25,dtype=np.int32),shape=[2,3,2])
g = tf.matmul(e,f)
with tf.Session() as sess:
print sess.run(a)
print ("##################################")
print sess.run(b)
print ("##################################")
print sess.run(c)
print ("##################################")
print sess.run(e)
print ("##################################")
print sess.run(f)
print ("##################################")
print sess.run(g)

然后执行:
python /home/ubuntu/constant.py
执行结果:

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a: 2x3 维张量;
b: 3x2 维张量;
c: 2x2 维张量;
e: 2x2x3 维张量;
f: 2x3x2 维张量;
g: 2x2x2 维张量。

1.3 tf.placeholder

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placeholder(
dtype,
shape=None,
name=None
)

功能说明:
是一种占位符,在执行时候需要为其提供数据
参数列表:

参数名必选类型说明
dtypedtype占位符数据类型
shape1 维整形张量或array占位符维度
namestring占位符名称

现在您可以在/home/ubuntu目录下创建源文件placeholder.py,内容可参考:

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#!/usr/bin/python

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np

x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,10])
y = tf.matmul(x,x)
with tf.Session() as sess:
rand_array = np.random.rand(10,10)
print sess.run(y,feed_dict={x:rand_array})

然后执行:
python /home/ubuntu/placeholder.py
执行结果:
输出一个10x10维的张量

1.4 tf.nn.bias_add

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bias_add(
value,
bias,
data_format=None,
name=None
)

功能说明:
将偏差项bias加到value上面,可以看做是tf.add的一个特例,其中bias必须是一维的,并且维度和value的最后一维相同,数据类型必须和value相同
参数列表:

参数名必选类型说明
value张量数据类型为 float, double, int64, int32, uint8, int16, int8, complex64, or complex128
bias1 维张量维度必须和value最后一维维度相等
data_formatstring数据格式,支持NHWCNCHW
namestring运算名称

现在您可以在/home/ubuntu目录下创建源文件bias_add.py,内容可参考:

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#!/usr/bin/python

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np

a = tf.constant([[1.0, 2.0],[1.0, 2.0],[1.0, 2.0]])
b = tf.constant([2.0,1.0])
c = tf.constant([1.0])
sess = tf.Session()
print sess.run(tf.nn.bias_add(a, b))
#print sess.run(tf.nn.bias_add(a,c)) error
print ("##################################")
print sess.run(tf.add(a, b))
print ("##################################")
print sess.run(tf.add(a, c))

然后执行:
python /home/ubuntu/bias_add.py
执行结果:
33x2维张量

1.5 tf.reduce_mean

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reduce_mean(
input_tensor,
axis=None,
keep_dims=False,
name=None,
reduction_indices=None
)

功能说明:
计算张量input_tensor平均值
参数列表:

参数名必选类型说明
input_tensor张量输入待求平均值的张量
axisNone01None:全局求平均值;0:求每一列平均值;1:求每一行平均值
keep_dimsBoolean保留原来的维度,降为1
namestring运算名称
reduction_indicesNoneaxis等价,被弃用

现在您可以在/home/ubuntu目录下创建源文件reduce_mean.py,内容可参考:

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#!/usr/bin/python

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np

initial = [[1.,1.],[2.,2.]]
x = tf.Variable(initial,dtype=tf.float32)
init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(init_op)
print sess.run(tf.reduce_mean(x))
print sess.run(tf.reduce_mean(x,0)) #Column
print sess.run(tf.reduce_mean(x,1)) #row

然后执行:
python /home/ubuntu/reduce_mean.py
执行结果:

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1.5
[ 1.5 1.5]
[ 1. 2.]

1.6 tf.squared_difference

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squared_difference(
x,
y,
name=None
)

功能说明:
计算张量xy对应元素差平方
参数列表:

参数名必选类型说明
x张量half, float32, float64, int32, int64, complex64, complex128其中一种类型
y张量half, float32, float64, int32, int64, complex64, complex128其中一种类型
namestring运算名称

现在您可以在/home/ubuntu目录下创建源文件squared_difference.py,内容可参考:

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#!/usr/bin/python

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np

initial_x = [[1.,1.],[2.,2.]]
x = tf.Variable(initial_x,dtype=tf.float32)
initial_y = [[3.,3.],[4.,4.]]
y = tf.Variable(initial_y,dtype=tf.float32)
diff = tf.squared_difference(x,y)
init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(init_op)
print sess.run(diff)

然后执行:
python /home/ubuntu/squared_difference.py
执行结果:

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[[ 4.  4.]
[ 4. 4.]]

1.7 tf.square

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square(
x,
name=None
)

功能说明:
计算张量对应元素平方
参数列表:

参数名必选类型说明
x张量half, float32, float64, int32, int64, complex64, complex128其中一种类型
namestring运算名称

现在您可以在/home/ubuntu目录下创建源文件square.py,内容可参考:

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#!/usr/bin/python
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np

initial_x = [[1.,1.],[2.,2.]]
x = tf.Variable(initial_x,dtype=tf.float32)
x2 = tf.square(x)
init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(init_op)
print sess.run(x2)

然后执行:
python /home/ubuntu/square.py
执行结果:

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[[ 1.  1.]
[ 4. 4.]]

2.0 TensorFlow相关类理解

2.1 tf.Variable

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__init__(
initial_value=None,
trainable=True,
collections=None,
validate_shape=True,
caching_device=None,
name=None,
variable_def=None,
dtype=None,
expected_shape=None,
import_scope=None
)

功能说明:
维护图在执行过程中的状态信息,例如神经网络权重值的变化
参数列表:

参数名类型说明
initial_value张量Variable类的初始值,这个变量必须指定shape信息,否则后面validate_shape需设为False
trainableBoolean是否把变量添加到 collection GraphKeys.TRAINABLE_VARIABLES 中(collection 是一种全局存储,不受变量名生存空间影响,一处保存,到处可取)
collectionsGraph collections全局存储,默认是GraphKeys.GLOBAL_VARIABLES
validate_shapeBoolean是否允许被未知维度的initial_value初始化
caching_devicestring指明哪个device用来缓存变量
namestring变量名
dtypedtype如果被设置,初始化的值就会按照这个类型初始化
expected_shapeTensorShape要是设置了,那么初始的值会是这种维度

现在您可以在/home/ubuntu目录下创建源文件Variable.py,内容可参考:

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#!/usr/bin/python

import tensorflow as tf
initial = tf.truncated_normal(shape=[10,10],mean=0,stddev=1)
W=tf.Variable(initial)
list = [[1.,1.],[2.,2.]]
X = tf.Variable(list,dtype=tf.float32)
init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(init_op)
print ("##################(1)################")
print sess.run(W)
print ("##################(2)################")
print sess.run(W[:2,:2])
op = W[:2,:2].assign(22.*tf.ones((2,2)))
print ("###################(3)###############")
print sess.run(op)
print ("###################(4)###############")
print (W.eval(sess)) #computes and returns the value of this variable
print ("####################(5)##############")
print (W.eval()) #Usage with the default session
print ("#####################(6)#############")
print W.dtype
print sess.run(W.initial_value)
print sess.run(W.op)
print W.shape
print ("###################(7)###############")
print sess.run(X)

然后执行:
python /home/ubuntu/Variable.py

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ubuntu@VM-45-55-ubuntu:~$ python /home/ubuntu/Variable.py
##################(1)################
[[-0.05158469 0.42488426 -1.06051874 0.05041981 -0.59257025 0.75912011
0.13238901 1.4264127 0.3660301 -0.34660342]
[-0.58076793 -0.34156471 1.80603182 -0.63527924 -1.37761962 0.23985045
-0.9572925 0.5855329 -1.52534127 0.66485882]
[ 0.95287526 -0.52085191 -0.6662432 0.92799437 -0.14051931 0.77191192
-0.40517998 1.15190434 -0.67737275 -0.49324712]
[ 0.13710392 -0.26966634 -0.31862086 0.62378079 0.99250805 1.79186082
0.24381292 -0.65113115 -0.31242973 0.96655703]
[ 1.51818967 1.4847064 -1.04498291 -1.19972205 1.12664723 0.45897952
1.30146337 -0.07071129 1.28198421 -0.07462779]
[ 0.06365386 -1.37174654 -0.45393857 0.44872424 0.30701965 -0.33525467
1.23019528 0.2688064 -0.77721894 1.15218246]
[ 0.5284161 -0.57362115 -1.31496811 0.557841 1.38116109 1.11097515
1.79387271 1.03924 -0.43662316 1.2135427 ]
[ 0.12842607 0.55358696 0.50601929 0.15238616 0.30852544 -0.07885797
-0.18290153 -0.65053511 0.06731477 -1.81053722]
[ 0.0353244 -0.61836213 -0.02346812 0.73654675 1.96743298 -1.1408062
1.58433104 -0.50077403 -1.70408487 -0.78402525]
[-0.3279908 0.34578505 -0.4665527 0.71424776 0.48050362 -0.6924966
0.05213421 -0.02890863 1.6275624 -1.1187917 ]]
##################(2)################
[[-0.05158469 0.42488426]
[-0.58076793 -0.34156471]]
###################(3)###############
[[ 22. 22. -1.06051874 0.05041981 -0.59257025
0.75912011 0.13238901 1.4264127 0.3660301 -0.34660342]
[ 22. 22. 1.80603182 -0.63527924 -1.37761962
0.23985045 -0.9572925 0.5855329 -1.52534127 0.66485882]
[ 0.95287526 -0.52085191 -0.6662432 0.92799437 -0.14051931
0.77191192 -0.40517998 1.15190434 -0.67737275 -0.49324712]
[ 0.13710392 -0.26966634 -0.31862086 0.62378079 0.99250805
1.79186082 0.24381292 -0.65113115 -0.31242973 0.96655703]
[ 1.51818967 1.4847064 -1.04498291 -1.19972205 1.12664723
0.45897952 1.30146337 -0.07071129 1.28198421 -0.07462779]
[ 0.06365386 -1.37174654 -0.45393857 0.44872424 0.30701965
-0.33525467 1.23019528 0.2688064 -0.77721894 1.15218246]
[ 0.5284161 -0.57362115 -1.31496811 0.557841 1.38116109
1.11097515 1.79387271 1.03924 -0.43662316 1.2135427 ]
[ 0.12842607 0.55358696 0.50601929 0.15238616 0.30852544
-0.07885797 -0.18290153 -0.65053511 0.06731477 -1.81053722]
[ 0.0353244 -0.61836213 -0.02346812 0.73654675 1.96743298
-1.1408062 1.58433104 -0.50077403 -1.70408487 -0.78402525]
[ -0.3279908 0.34578505 -0.4665527 0.71424776 0.48050362
-0.6924966 0.05213421 -0.02890863 1.6275624 -1.1187917 ]]
###################(4)###############
[[ 22. 22. -1.06051874 0.05041981 -0.59257025
0.75912011 0.13238901 1.4264127 0.3660301 -0.34660342]
[ 22. 22. 1.80603182 -0.63527924 -1.37761962
0.23985045 -0.9572925 0.5855329 -1.52534127 0.66485882]
[ 0.95287526 -0.52085191 -0.6662432 0.92799437 -0.14051931
0.77191192 -0.40517998 1.15190434 -0.67737275 -0.49324712]
[ 0.13710392 -0.26966634 -0.31862086 0.62378079 0.99250805
1.79186082 0.24381292 -0.65113115 -0.31242973 0.96655703]
[ 1.51818967 1.4847064 -1.04498291 -1.19972205 1.12664723
0.45897952 1.30146337 -0.07071129 1.28198421 -0.07462779]
[ 0.06365386 -1.37174654 -0.45393857 0.44872424 0.30701965
-0.33525467 1.23019528 0.2688064 -0.77721894 1.15218246]
[ 0.5284161 -0.57362115 -1.31496811 0.557841 1.38116109
1.11097515 1.79387271 1.03924 -0.43662316 1.2135427 ]
[ 0.12842607 0.55358696 0.50601929 0.15238616 0.30852544
-0.07885797 -0.18290153 -0.65053511 0.06731477 -1.81053722]
[ 0.0353244 -0.61836213 -0.02346812 0.73654675 1.96743298
-1.1408062 1.58433104 -0.50077403 -1.70408487 -0.78402525]
[ -0.3279908 0.34578505 -0.4665527 0.71424776 0.48050362
-0.6924966 0.05213421 -0.02890863 1.6275624 -1.1187917 ]]
####################(5)##############
[[ 22. 22. -1.06051874 0.05041981 -0.59257025
0.75912011 0.13238901 1.4264127 0.3660301 -0.34660342]
[ 22. 22. 1.80603182 -0.63527924 -1.37761962
0.23985045 -0.9572925 0.5855329 -1.52534127 0.66485882]
[ 0.95287526 -0.52085191 -0.6662432 0.92799437 -0.14051931
0.77191192 -0.40517998 1.15190434 -0.67737275 -0.49324712]
[ 0.13710392 -0.26966634 -0.31862086 0.62378079 0.99250805
1.79186082 0.24381292 -0.65113115 -0.31242973 0.96655703]
[ 1.51818967 1.4847064 -1.04498291 -1.19972205 1.12664723
0.45897952 1.30146337 -0.07071129 1.28198421 -0.07462779]
[ 0.06365386 -1.37174654 -0.45393857 0.44872424 0.30701965
-0.33525467 1.23019528 0.2688064 -0.77721894 1.15218246]
[ 0.5284161 -0.57362115 -1.31496811 0.557841 1.38116109
1.11097515 1.79387271 1.03924 -0.43662316 1.2135427 ]
[ 0.12842607 0.55358696 0.50601929 0.15238616 0.30852544
-0.07885797 -0.18290153 -0.65053511 0.06731477 -1.81053722]
[ 0.0353244 -0.61836213 -0.02346812 0.73654675 1.96743298
-1.1408062 1.58433104 -0.50077403 -1.70408487 -0.78402525]
[ -0.3279908 0.34578505 -0.4665527 0.71424776 0.48050362
-0.6924966 0.05213421 -0.02890863 1.6275624 -1.1187917 ]]
#####################(6)#############
<dtype: 'float32_ref'>
[[ 0.35549659 -0.92845166 0.7202518 -1.08173835 -0.56052214 -1.79995739
-1.23022497 1.78744531 0.26768067 1.44654143]
[ 1.00125992 0.88891822 -0.83442372 -0.51755071 0.93480241 -0.62580359
-0.42888054 0.60265911 0.23383677 0.25027233]
[ 0.62767732 1.49130106 0.11455932 0.8136881 0.1653619 -0.03023815
-0.81600904 0.21061133 0.77372617 -1.05311072]
[ 0.37356022 0.80606896 -0.77602631 1.7510792 1.17032671 -1.59365809
0.81380212 -0.80985826 -0.5826512 -0.68983918]
[ 1.5539794 -0.82919389 -0.37634259 -0.04195082 0.00483348 -1.6610924
1.61947238 0.44739676 0.96909785 0.30437273]
[-1.67946744 0.13453422 1.16949022 -1.07361639 0.16278958 0.48993936
0.79800332 -0.59556031 1.02015698 0.61534965]
[ 1.91761112 0.57116741 -1.32458746 -0.83711451 -0.23092926 0.09989663
-0.13043015 0.39024881 -0.39114812 -1.34013951]
[ 0.42324749 1.76086545 -1.64871371 -0.25146225 0.56552815 -0.22099398
0.3763651 -0.26513788 0.09395658 -0.51482815]
[-1.58338928 0.34144643 -0.60781646 -0.3217389 -0.36381459 -0.09845187
-0.86982977 0.56992447 0.35818082 -1.13524997]
[-1.17181849 0.15299995 -0.94315332 0.3065263 -0.33332458 1.59554768
0.27707765 0.4924351 1.13253677 -0.55417466]]
None
(10, 10)
###################(7)###############
[[ 1. 1.]
[ 2. 2.]]

0x02.后记

emmm……刚开始感觉好慢,到后来猝不及防就没了……

未完待续……